# WIA-ENE-058: Soil Restoration - Phase 1 Data Format

**Standard ID:** WIA-ENE-058
**Category:** Energy & Environment (ENE)
**Version:** 1.0.0
**Status:** Active
**Last Updated:** 2025-12-25

---

## Overview

Phase 1 defines the standardized data formats for soil restoration monitoring, including soil composition, health metrics, nutrient levels, carbon content, and restoration progress tracking.

---

## 1. Core Data Structures

### 1.1 Soil Sample Data

```json
{
  "standard": "WIA-ENE-058",
  "version": "1.0.0",
  "sampleId": "SOIL-2025-001-ABC",
  "timestamp": "2025-12-25T10:30:00Z",
  "location": {
    "plotId": "PLOT-FARM-A-001",
    "coordinates": {
      "latitude": 37.7749,
      "longitude": -122.4194,
      "elevation": 52.0,
      "datum": "WGS84"
    },
    "area": {
      "hectares": 10.5,
      "boundary": [
        {"lat": 37.7749, "lon": -122.4194},
        {"lat": 37.7750, "lon": -122.4195}
      ]
    }
  },
  "soilProperties": {
    "ph": {
      "value": 6.5,
      "unit": "pH",
      "method": "soil_water_1:2"
    },
    "organicMatter": {
      "percentage": 3.5,
      "unit": "%",
      "method": "loss_on_ignition"
    },
    "texture": {
      "type": "sandy_loam",
      "sand": 60,
      "silt": 30,
      "clay": 10,
      "unit": "%"
    },
    "bulkDensity": {
      "value": 1.35,
      "unit": "g/cm³"
    },
    "moisture": {
      "percentage": 22.0,
      "unit": "%"
    }
  },
  "nutrients": {
    "nitrogen": {
      "total": 0.25,
      "available": 25,
      "unit": "ppm"
    },
    "phosphorus": {
      "total": 0.15,
      "available": 15,
      "unit": "ppm"
    },
    "potassium": {
      "total": 0.45,
      "available": 120,
      "unit": "ppm"
    },
    "micronutrients": {
      "iron": 45,
      "manganese": 12,
      "zinc": 2.5,
      "copper": 1.2,
      "unit": "ppm"
    }
  },
  "carbonMetrics": {
    "totalCarbon": {
      "value": 2.03,
      "unit": "tons/hectare"
    },
    "organicCarbon": {
      "value": 1.75,
      "unit": "tons/hectare"
    },
    "inorganicCarbon": {
      "value": 0.28,
      "unit": "tons/hectare"
    },
    "carbonSequestrationRate": {
      "value": 0.5,
      "unit": "tons/hectare/year"
    }
  },
  "microbiology": {
    "microbialBiomass": {
      "value": 450,
      "unit": "mg C/kg soil"
    },
    "respirationRate": {
      "value": 25,
      "unit": "mg CO2/kg/day"
    },
    "diversity": {
      "shannonIndex": 3.2,
      "bacteriaFungiRatio": 2.5
    }
  }
}
```

### 1.2 Soil Health Index

```json
{
  "healthAssessment": {
    "assessmentId": "HEALTH-2025-001",
    "plotId": "PLOT-FARM-A-001",
    "timestamp": "2025-12-25T10:30:00Z",
    "overallScore": 75.5,
    "grade": "Good",
    "components": {
      "physical": {
        "score": 80,
        "metrics": {
          "structure": 85,
          "compaction": 75,
          "waterHoldingCapacity": 80,
          "infiltration": 78
        }
      },
      "chemical": {
        "score": 72,
        "metrics": {
          "phBalance": 90,
          "nutrientAvailability": 70,
          "cationExchangeCapacity": 65,
          "salinity": 80
        }
      },
      "biological": {
        "score": 74,
        "metrics": {
          "organicMatter": 75,
          "microbialActivity": 78,
          "earthwormCount": 70,
          "rootHealth": 73
        }
      }
    },
    "degradationRisk": {
      "level": "Low",
      "factors": [
        {
          "factor": "erosion",
          "risk": "Low",
          "score": 85
        },
        {
          "factor": "contamination",
          "risk": "Low",
          "score": 90
        },
        {
          "factor": "compaction",
          "risk": "Moderate",
          "score": 65
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}
```

### 1.3 Restoration Plan

```json
{
  "restorationPlan": {
    "planId": "RESTORE-2025-001",
    "plotId": "PLOT-FARM-A-001",
    "createdDate": "2025-12-25T10:30:00Z",
    "currentHealth": 65.0,
    "targetHealth": 85.0,
    "estimatedDuration": {
      "months": 18,
      "phases": [
        {
          "phase": 1,
          "duration": "6 months",
          "targetScore": 70
        },
        {
          "phase": 2,
          "duration": "6 months",
          "targetScore": 78
        },
        {
          "phase": 3,
          "duration": "6 months",
          "targetScore": 85
        }
      ]
    },
    "practices": [
      {
        "practiceId": "COVER-CROP-001",
        "name": "Cover Cropping",
        "description": "Plant winter cover crops (rye, clover)",
        "frequency": "Annual",
        "expectedImpact": {
          "organicMatter": "+0.5%/year",
          "erosionReduction": "60%",
          "nitrogenFixation": "100 kg/ha/year"
        },
        "implementation": {
          "startDate": "2025-09-01",
          "season": "Fall/Winter",
          "species": ["winter_rye", "crimson_clover"]
        }
      },
      {
        "practiceId": "COMPOST-001",
        "name": "Composting",
        "description": "Apply high-quality compost",
        "frequency": "Bi-annual",
        "expectedImpact": {
          "organicMatter": "+1.0%/year",
          "nutrientAvailability": "+40%",
          "microbialActivity": "+60%"
        },
        "implementation": {
          "rate": "10 tons/hectare",
          "applicationMethod": "Surface spread and light incorporation"
        }
      },
      {
        "practiceId": "REDUCED-TILL-001",
        "name": "Reduced Tillage",
        "description": "Minimize soil disturbance",
        "frequency": "Continuous",
        "expectedImpact": {
          "carbonLoss": "-50%",
          "microbialDisruption": "-70%",
          "erosion": "-40%"
        }
      }
    ],
    "monitoring": {
      "frequency": "Quarterly",
      "parameters": [
        "ph",
        "organic_matter",
        "nutrients",
        "microbial_activity",
        "carbon_content"
      ]
    }
  }
}
```

---

## 2. Measurement Standards

### 2.1 pH Measurement

- **Method:** Soil-water suspension (1:2 ratio)
- **Range:** 0-14 pH scale
- **Optimal Range:** 6.0-7.0 for most crops
- **Precision:** ±0.1 pH units

### 2.2 Organic Matter

- **Method:** Loss on ignition (LOI) or Walkley-Black
- **Range:** 0-100%
- **Target:** >3% for healthy soil
- **Precision:** ±0.2%

### 2.3 Nutrient Analysis

- **Nitrogen:** Kjeldahl method
- **Phosphorus:** Bray-1 or Olsen method
- **Potassium:** Ammonium acetate extraction
- **Units:** ppm or mg/kg

### 2.4 Carbon Content

- **Total Carbon:** Dry combustion method
- **Organic Carbon:** Walkley-Black chromic acid digestion
- **Inorganic Carbon:** Pressure-calcimeter method
- **Units:** % or tons/hectare

---

## 3. Data Quality Requirements

### 3.1 Sampling Protocol

```json
{
  "samplingProtocol": {
    "sampleSize": {
      "minimum": 15,
      "recommended": 20,
      "distribution": "Random stratified"
    },
    "depth": {
      "topsoil": "0-15 cm",
      "subsoil": "15-30 cm",
      "deep": "30-60 cm"
    },
    "timing": {
      "season": "Consistent (preferably spring or fall)",
      "moisture": "Field capacity",
      "avoidance": ["Immediately after fertilization", "During drought"]
    },
    "handling": {
      "storage": "Cool, dark, dry",
      "maxAge": "48 hours to lab",
      "preservation": "Air-dried for long-term storage"
    }
  }
}
```

### 3.2 Quality Control

- **Calibration:** Equipment calibrated before each use
- **Replication:** Minimum 3 replicates per sample
- **Blanks:** Include blanks and standards
- **Uncertainty:** Report measurement uncertainty
- **Traceability:** Chain of custody documentation

---

## 4. Integration Standards

### 4.1 Data Exchange Format

All data MUST be exchangeable in:
- JSON (primary)
- CSV (tabular data)
- GeoJSON (spatial data)
- XML (legacy systems)

### 4.2 Metadata Requirements

Every dataset MUST include:
- Timestamp (ISO 8601)
- Location (WGS84 coordinates)
- Methodology
- Analyst/Lab identification
- Quality control results
- Uncertainty estimates

---

## 5. Validation Rules

### 5.1 Range Checks

```javascript
const validationRules = {
  ph: { min: 0, max: 14 },
  organicMatter: { min: 0, max: 100 },
  nitrogen: { min: 0, max: 1000 },
  phosphorus: { min: 0, max: 500 },
  potassium: { min: 0, max: 1000 },
  bulkDensity: { min: 0.5, max: 2.0 },
  moisture: { min: 0, max: 100 }
};
```

### 5.2 Consistency Checks

- Total carbon ≥ Organic carbon + Inorganic carbon
- Sand + Silt + Clay = 100%
- Available nutrients ≤ Total nutrients
- Health score: 0-100 range

---

## Implementation Guidelines

1. **Data Collection:** Use standardized field methods
2. **Laboratory Analysis:** Employ certified labs
3. **Data Entry:** Validate all inputs
4. **Storage:** Use structured databases
5. **Access:** Provide API endpoints
6. **Backup:** Regular automated backups
7. **Security:** Encrypt sensitive data

---

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