# WIA-ENE-004 PHASE 1: Foundation

**Version:** 1.0
**Status:** Published
**Date:** 2025-12-25

## Overview

Phase 1 establishes the foundational elements of the WIA-ENE-004 Renewable Energy Standard. This phase focuses on core infrastructure, basic data models, and essential system components required for all subsequent phases.

## Objectives

1. Define standard data models for renewable energy sources
2. Establish communication protocols and APIs
3. Implement basic security framework
4. Set up monitoring and logging infrastructure
5. Create development and testing environments

## Scope

### Included in Phase 1
- Energy source registration and metadata management
- Real-time production data collection
- Basic REST API implementation
- Authentication and authorization (OAuth 2.0 + JWT)
- Time-series data storage
- System health monitoring
- Basic alerting mechanisms

### Out of Scope for Phase 1
- Advanced analytics and ML models
- Grid integration protocols
- Demand response systems
- Mobile applications
- Advanced visualization dashboards

## Technical Architecture

### Data Models

#### Energy Source Model
```json
{
  "sourceId": "string",      // Format: TYPE-XXX-NNNNN
  "sourceType": "enum",       // SOLAR-PV, WIND-ON, HYDRO, GEO, BIO, TIDAL
  "name": "string",
  "ratedCapacity": {
    "value": "number",
    "unit": "string"          // kW, MW, GW
  },
  "location": {
    "latitude": "number",
    "longitude": "number",
    "elevation": "number",
    "timezone": "string"
  },
  "installDate": "ISO8601",
  "operator": "string",
  "metadata": {
    "manufacturer": "string",
    "model": "string",
    "serialNumber": "string",
    "certifications": ["string"]
  }
}
```

#### Production Data Model
```json
{
  "timestamp": "ISO8601",
  "sourceId": "string",
  "production": {
    "instantaneous": {
      "value": "number",
      "unit": "string"        // kW
    },
    "cumulative": {
      "today": "number",
      "thisMonth": "number",
      "lifetime": "number",
      "unit": "string"        // kWh
    }
  },
  "efficiency": {
    "current": "number",      // percentage
    "average24h": "number"
  },
  "environmentalConditions": {
    "temperature": "number",  // Celsius
    "humidity": "number",     // percentage
    "windSpeed": "number",    // m/s
    "solarIrradiance": "number" // W/m²
  }
}
```

### API Endpoints

#### Core Endpoints (Phase 1)

| Endpoint | Method | Description | Auth Required |
|----------|--------|-------------|---------------|
| `/api/v1/sources` | GET | List all energy sources | Yes |
| `/api/v1/sources` | POST | Register new energy source | Yes (operator+) |
| `/api/v1/sources/{id}` | GET | Get source details | Yes |
| `/api/v1/sources/{id}` | PUT | Update source details | Yes (operator+) |
| `/api/v1/sources/{id}/production` | GET | Get production data | Yes |
| `/api/v1/sources/{id}/production` | POST | Submit production data | Yes (source) |
| `/api/v1/sources/{id}/status` | GET | Get operational status | Yes |
| `/api/v1/sources/{id}/alerts` | GET | Get active alerts | Yes |
| `/api/v1/auth/token` | POST | Obtain access token | No |

### Communication Protocols

**Supported Protocols:**
- **HTTP/HTTPS:** Primary protocol for API communication
- **MQTT:** Real-time data streaming (optional in Phase 1)
- **WebSocket:** Live dashboard updates (optional in Phase 1)

**TLS Requirements:**
- Minimum version: TLS 1.3
- Cipher suites: AES-256-GCM, ChaCha20-Poly1305
- Certificate validation: Strict mode, OCSP stapling

### Security Framework

#### Authentication
- **Method:** OAuth 2.0 with JWT tokens
- **Token Lifetime:** 3600 seconds (configurable)
- **Refresh Tokens:** Supported
- **MFA:** Optional in Phase 1, recommended

#### Authorization
- **Model:** Role-Based Access Control (RBAC)
- **Roles:**
  - **viewer:** Read-only access to production and status data
  - **operator:** View + modify configurations, acknowledge alerts
  - **administrator:** Full system access, user management
  - **service:** API access for automated systems

#### Data Protection
- **In Transit:** TLS 1.3 encryption mandatory
- **At Rest:** AES-256 encryption for sensitive data
- **Key Management:** Environment variables or vault (HashiCorp Vault, AWS KMS)

### Data Storage

#### Time-Series Database
- **Recommended:** InfluxDB, TimescaleDB, or Prometheus
- **Retention Policy:**
  - Raw data (1-minute): 30 days
  - Aggregated (15-minute): 1 year
  - Aggregated (1-hour): 5 years

#### Metadata Database
- **Recommended:** PostgreSQL, MySQL
- **Purpose:** Store source metadata, user accounts, configurations
- **Backup:** Daily full, hourly incremental

### Monitoring & Logging

#### Metrics to Collect
- API request rate, latency, error rate
- Data ingestion rate
- Database query performance
- System resource usage (CPU, memory, disk)
- Energy production metrics

#### Log Levels
- **ERROR:** System failures, exceptions
- **WARN:** Degraded performance, missing data
- **INFO:** Normal operations, state changes
- **DEBUG:** Detailed diagnostic information

#### Log Format
```json
{
  "timestamp": "ISO8601",
  "level": "string",
  "service": "string",
  "message": "string",
  "context": {
    "requestId": "string",
    "userId": "string",
    "sourceId": "string"
  }
}
```

## Implementation Steps

### Step 1: Environment Setup (Week 1)
1. Provision infrastructure (cloud or on-premises)
2. Set up development, staging, production environments
3. Install required software:
   - Web server (nginx, Apache)
   - Application runtime (Node.js, Python, Go)
   - Databases (PostgreSQL, InfluxDB)
   - Message broker (optional: MQTT broker)
4. Configure networking, firewalls, SSL certificates

### Step 2: Database Schema (Week 1-2)
1. Design and create database schemas
2. Set up time-series database with appropriate retention
3. Create indexes for frequently queried fields
4. Implement database backup procedures
5. Write migration scripts for version control

### Step 3: API Development (Week 2-4)
1. Implement core API endpoints
2. Add request validation using JSON Schema
3. Implement authentication and authorization
4. Add rate limiting and throttling
5. Write API documentation (OpenAPI/Swagger)
6. Create API client libraries (optional)

### Step 4: Data Collection (Week 3-5)
1. Implement data ingestion endpoints
2. Add data validation and sanitization
3. Set up MQTT broker for real-time data (optional)
4. Implement data buffering for offline scenarios
5. Create data transformation pipelines

### Step 5: Monitoring & Alerting (Week 4-6)
1. Set up monitoring stack (Prometheus, Grafana)
2. Configure system health checks
3. Implement basic alerting rules
4. Create operational dashboards
5. Set up log aggregation (ELK stack or similar)

### Step 6: Testing (Week 5-7)
1. Write unit tests (target: 70%+ coverage)
2. Create integration tests
3. Perform load testing
4. Conduct security testing
5. Run compliance tests against WIA-ENE-004 spec

### Step 7: Documentation (Week 6-8)
1. Write deployment guide
2. Create API documentation
3. Document configuration options
4. Prepare troubleshooting guide
5. Write runbooks for common operations

### Step 8: Deployment (Week 8)
1. Deploy to staging environment
2. Run full test suite
3. Perform security audit
4. Deploy to production
5. Monitor for issues

## Deliverables

1. **Functional API:** All Phase 1 endpoints operational
2. **Data Storage:** Time-series and metadata databases configured
3. **Authentication:** OAuth 2.0 + JWT implementation
4. **Monitoring:** Basic monitoring and alerting in place
5. **Documentation:** API docs, deployment guide, runbooks
6. **Test Suite:** Unit and integration tests
7. **Sample Data:** Example energy sources and production data

## Success Criteria

- [ ] All core API endpoints respond < 200ms (p95)
- [ ] Data ingestion rate > 1000 points/second
- [ ] System uptime > 99.5%
- [ ] All API endpoints require authentication
- [ ] TLS 1.3 enforced on all connections
- [ ] Automated backups running daily
- [ ] Monitoring dashboard showing key metrics
- [ ] API documentation published and accessible
- [ ] Compliance tests passing

## Dependencies

- Cloud infrastructure or on-premises servers
- SSL/TLS certificates
- Database licenses (if using commercial databases)
- Development team (minimum 2-3 developers)
- Access to renewable energy sources for testing

## Risks & Mitigation

| Risk | Impact | Probability | Mitigation |
|------|--------|-------------|------------|
| Infrastructure delays | High | Medium | Pre-provision resources, have backup vendors |
| Security vulnerabilities | Critical | Low | Regular security audits, automated scanning |
| Data model changes | Medium | Medium | Use database migrations, version APIs |
| Performance issues | High | Medium | Load testing, performance benchmarks |
| Team capacity | High | Low | Cross-training, clear documentation |

## Next Steps

Upon completion of Phase 1, proceed to **Phase 2: Implementation**, which focuses on:
- Advanced data analytics
- Predictive maintenance models
- Grid integration protocols
- Enhanced visualizations
- Mobile applications

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**弘益人間 (홍익인간) · Benefit All Humanity**

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