# WIA-ENE-062: Glacier Preservation
## Phase 1 - Data Format Specification

**Version:** 1.0.0
**Status:** Draft
**Last Updated:** 2025-12-25

---

## Overview

This specification defines the data structures and formats for glacier monitoring, preservation tracking, and environmental assessment within the WIA-ENE-062 Glacier Preservation standard.

## Core Data Structures

### 1. Glacier Profile

```json
{
  "glacierId": "string",
  "name": "string",
  "location": {
    "region": "string",
    "country": "string",
    "coordinates": {
      "latitude": "number",
      "longitude": "number",
      "elevation": "number"
    },
    "mountainRange": "string"
  },
  "classification": {
    "type": "string",
    "size": "string",
    "regime": "string"
  },
  "metadata": {
    "firstRecorded": "ISO8601",
    "monitoringSince": "ISO8601",
    "importance": "string"
  }
}
```

**Field Descriptions:**

- `glacierId`: Unique identifier (format: GLR-NNN-REG)
- `name`: Common name of the glacier
- `location.region`: Geographic region (e.g., "Himalayan Range", "Alps")
- `location.coordinates`: WGS84 coordinates and elevation in meters
- `classification.type`: Glacier type (e.g., "valley", "cirque", "ice cap")
- `classification.size`: Size category (e.g., "small", "medium", "large")
- `classification.regime`: Climate regime (e.g., "polar", "temperate", "subtropical")

### 2. Mass Balance Data

```json
{
  "measurementId": "string",
  "glacierId": "string",
  "timestamp": "ISO8601",
  "massBalance": {
    "totalMass": {
      "value": "number",
      "unit": "Gt",
      "uncertainty": "number"
    },
    "surfaceArea": {
      "value": "number",
      "unit": "km²",
      "uncertainty": "number"
    },
    "volume": {
      "value": "number",
      "unit": "km³",
      "uncertainty": "number"
    },
    "thickness": {
      "average": "number",
      "maximum": "number",
      "unit": "m"
    }
  },
  "methodology": {
    "technique": "string",
    "instrument": "string",
    "resolution": "string"
  }
}
```

**Mass Balance Components:**

- **Total Mass**: Measured in Gigatons (Gt)
- **Surface Area**: Current glacier extent in km²
- **Volume**: Ice volume in km³
- **Thickness**: Average and maximum ice thickness in meters
- **Uncertainty**: Measurement error margin (±)

### 3. Melt Rate Tracking

```json
{
  "meltRateId": "string",
  "glacierId": "string",
  "period": {
    "start": "ISO8601",
    "end": "ISO8601",
    "duration": "string"
  },
  "meltRate": {
    "annual": {
      "value": "number",
      "unit": "Gt/year"
    },
    "seasonal": {
      "summer": "number",
      "winter": "number",
      "unit": "Gt/season"
    },
    "trend": {
      "acceleration": "number",
      "direction": "string"
    }
  },
  "contributingFactors": {
    "temperature": "number",
    "precipitation": "number",
    "solarRadiation": "number",
    "albedoChange": "number"
  }
}
```

**Melt Rate Metrics:**

- `annual`: Average annual ice loss rate
- `seasonal`: Summer/winter melt rates
- `trend.acceleration`: Rate of change (Gt/year²)
- `trend.direction`: "increasing", "decreasing", or "stable"

### 4. Environmental Conditions

```json
{
  "conditionId": "string",
  "glacierId": "string",
  "timestamp": "ISO8601",
  "temperature": {
    "surface": {
      "value": "number",
      "unit": "°C"
    },
    "equilibriumLineAltitude": {
      "value": "number",
      "unit": "°C"
    },
    "anomaly": "number"
  },
  "albedo": {
    "value": "number",
    "description": "Surface reflectivity (0-1)",
    "change": "number"
  },
  "precipitation": {
    "annual": "number",
    "snowfall": "number",
    "rainfall": "number",
    "unit": "mm"
  },
  "debris": {
    "coverage": "number",
    "thickness": "number",
    "type": "string"
  }
}
```

**Environmental Parameters:**

- **Temperature**: Surface and ELA temperatures with anomalies
- **Albedo**: Reflectivity coefficient (0=dark/absorbs, 1=bright/reflects)
- **Precipitation**: Annual totals split by snow/rain
- **Debris**: Rock/sediment coverage affecting melt rates

### 5. Sea Level Contribution

```json
{
  "contributionId": "string",
  "glacierId": "string",
  "calculationDate": "ISO8601",
  "seaLevelImpact": {
    "historical": {
      "contribution": "number",
      "period": "string",
      "unit": "mm"
    },
    "projected": {
      "year2050": "number",
      "year2100": "number",
      "unit": "mm"
    },
    "methodology": "string"
  },
  "assumptions": {
    "scenarioSSP": "string",
    "temperatureIncrease": "number",
    "meltAcceleration": "number"
  }
}
```

**Sea Level Metrics:**

- `historical.contribution`: Past contribution to sea level rise
- `projected`: Future projections under climate scenarios
- `scenarioSSP`: Shared Socioeconomic Pathway (e.g., "SSP2-4.5")

### 6. Water Resource Impact

```json
{
  "impactId": "string",
  "glacierId": "string",
  "assessmentDate": "ISO8601",
  "waterSupply": {
    "current": {
      "annualFlow": "number",
      "seasonalPeak": "string",
      "unit": "km³/year"
    },
    "projected": {
      "year2050": "number",
      "year2100": "number",
      "changePercent": "number"
    }
  },
  "downstreamDependency": {
    "population": "number",
    "agricultureArea": "number",
    "hydropower": "number",
    "criticalityLevel": "string"
  }
}
```

**Water Resource Components:**

- `waterSupply.current`: Present meltwater contribution
- `waterSupply.projected`: Future water availability
- `downstreamDependency`: Communities and systems relying on glacier water

### 7. Preservation Actions

```json
{
  "actionId": "string",
  "glacierId": "string",
  "actionType": "string",
  "implementation": {
    "startDate": "ISO8601",
    "status": "string",
    "coverage": "number",
    "investment": "number"
  },
  "methodology": {
    "technique": "string",
    "materials": ["string"],
    "expectedReduction": "number"
  },
  "monitoring": {
    "frequency": "string",
    "metrics": ["string"],
    "effectiveness": "number"
  }
}
```

**Preservation Action Types:**

- **Artificial Snow**: Snowmaking to increase albedo
- **Reflective Materials**: Geotextiles or white covers
- **Meltwater Management**: Controlled drainage systems
- **Shading Structures**: Physical barriers to reduce solar heating
- **Reforestation**: Surrounding vegetation for microclimate control

## Data Quality Standards

### Measurement Precision

| Parameter | Required Precision | Acceptable Range |
|-----------|-------------------|------------------|
| Mass | ±5% | ±10% |
| Temperature | ±0.1°C | ±0.5°C |
| Albedo | ±0.02 | ±0.05 |
| Melt Rate | ±10% | ±20% |
| Sea Level | ±0.5mm | ±1.5mm |

### Temporal Resolution

- **Real-time monitoring**: Hourly updates for critical glaciers
- **Regular monitoring**: Daily to weekly measurements
- **Seasonal assessment**: Quarterly mass balance reports
- **Annual review**: Comprehensive yearly analysis

### Spatial Coverage

- Minimum 95% glacier surface coverage
- Grid resolution: 10m for small glaciers, 30m for large
- Elevation sampling: Every 100m vertical interval

## Data Validation

### Validation Rules

1. **Range Checks**
   - Temperature: -50°C to +15°C
   - Albedo: 0.1 to 0.9
   - Mass: > 0 Gt
   - Melt Rate: -50 to +50 Gt/year

2. **Consistency Checks**
   - Mass change aligns with melt rate
   - Temperature correlates with season
   - Precipitation matches regional patterns

3. **Temporal Checks**
   - No retroactive modifications
   - Timestamps in chronological order
   - Reasonable change rates between measurements

### Error Handling

```json
{
  "errorCode": "string",
  "errorType": "string",
  "message": "string",
  "affectedField": "string",
  "suggestedFix": "string",
  "severity": "string"
}
```

**Error Severity Levels:**

- `critical`: Data unusable, immediate correction required
- `warning`: Data questionable, manual review needed
- `info`: Minor issue, automated fix possible

## Data Exchange Formats

### Primary Format: JSON

- UTF-8 encoding
- ISO 8601 date/time format
- Numeric precision: 6 decimal places for coordinates, 2 for measurements

### Alternative Formats

- **CSV**: For tabular mass balance time series
- **GeoJSON**: For spatial glacier extent data
- **NetCDF**: For gridded climate and elevation data
- **HDF5**: For large satellite imagery datasets

## Metadata Requirements

Every data submission must include:

```json
{
  "metadata": {
    "submitterId": "string",
    "organization": "string",
    "instrument": "string",
    "calibrationDate": "ISO8601",
    "dataQuality": "string",
    "processingLevel": "string",
    "license": "string",
    "citation": "string"
  }
}
```

## Versioning

Data format version follows semantic versioning (MAJOR.MINOR.PATCH):

- **MAJOR**: Breaking changes to data structure
- **MINOR**: Backward-compatible additions
- **PATCH**: Bug fixes and clarifications

Current version: **1.0.0**

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## References

- IPCC AR6 Glacier Monitoring Guidelines
- WGMS (World Glacier Monitoring Service) Standards
- WIA-ENE-001 (Energy Measurement Standards)
- ISO 19115 (Geographic Metadata)

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